Cracks in asphalt are not just a cosmetic problem. They are early warning signs of deeper pavement issues. Left untreated, even small cracks can allow water, debris, and chemicals to seep beneath the surface, leading to larger problems like potholes, surface deformation, and costly structural damage. Understanding the different types of cracks in asphalt can help you determine the right repair method and act quickly to preserve your pavement. Andersen Asphalt & Striping will break down the most common types of asphalt cracks, what causes them, and how to fix them.
What are the Different Cracks in Asphalt Called?
Alligator Cracks: A series of cracks that resemble an alligator’s skin. Usually due to structural failure, caused by a weakened or overloaded base, poor drainage, or heavy repeated traffic. Alligator cracking typically requires full-depth patching or resurfacing. Simply sealing the cracks won’t fix the underlying issue.
Longitudinal Cracks: Cracks that run parallel to the centerline or the direction of the pavement. Often caused by poor construction joints, shrinkage, or aging and oxidation of the asphalt. These can be sealed if caught early. Severe longitudinal cracks may require grinding and overlay or resurfacing.
Transverse Cracks: Cracks that run perpendicular to the centerline of the pavement. Typically caused by thermal expansion and contraction due to temperature changes. Transverse cracks should be sealed as soon as possible to prevent water infiltration and further cracking.
Block Cracks: Large, rectangular-shaped cracks that form a grid-like pattern. These cracks occur when the asphalt binder shrinks over time and the surface becomes too rigid, often due to aging or poor asphalt mix. Early-stage block cracks can be treated with crack sealing or sealcoating. Advanced cases may require milling and resurfacing.
Edge Cracks: Cracks that form along the outer edge of the pavement. Caused by poor drainage, lack of pavement support at the edges, or encroaching vegetation and erosion. Seal the cracks and address the underlying issues, such as grading, drainage, or adding a stronger shoulder.
Slippage Cracks: A crescent-shaped crack, usually caused by surface layer slippage. Often due to a poor bond between asphalt layers or lack of proper tack coat during paving. Repairs require removal of the affected area and application of a new surface layer with proper bonding techniques.
Reflection Cracks: Cracks that mirror the pattern of underlying cracks or joints in a concrete or asphalt base layer. They “reflect” through an overlay when the existing pavement moves or expands. To repair reflection cracks the use of a reinforcing fabric or crack relief layers before overlaying, and seal cracks as needed.
Seam Cracks: Cracks that appear along the seams or joints between two pavement sections. This can be caused by poor paving practices, cooling during construction, or aging at the joint. Early sealing is key. For major separations, a joint repair or hot rubberized filler is recommended.
Why It’s Important to Address Asphalt Cracks Early
Crack sealing is one of the most effective and affordable ways to extend the life of your asphalt surface. When cracks are ignored:
• Water seeps in, weakening the subbase
• Cracks widen and multiply
• Potholes and large-scale damage develop
• Expensive resurfacing or full replacement may be needed
Regular inspections and maintenance can help catch cracks early and save you money in the long run.
Asphalt Parking Lot & Road Pavement Resurfacing, Replacement & More in Reno, Elko, Henderson, North LV, Paradise, Spring Valley, Sunrise Manor, Las Vegas, NV | State of Nevada
Identifying the type and cause of the cracks helps determine the best repair option and how to prevent future damage. For quality asphalt crack repairs and more, contact Andersen Asphalt & Striping today.
